Chemokines form a superfamily of secreted
proteins involved in immunoregulatory and inflammatory processes. CC motif
chemokine ligand 5 （CCL5）, a member of the CC subfamily, functions as a
chemoattractant for blood monocytes, memory T helper cells and eosinophils. It
functions as one of the natural ligands for the chemokine receptor chemokine
（C-C motif） receptor 5 （CCR5）, and it suppresses in vitro replication of the R5
strains of HIV-1, which use CCR5 as a coreceptor.Researches
demonstrate that chordoma accelerated tumor progression through autocrine CCL5
acting on tumor cells and paracrine CCL5 polarizing macrophages into M2 TAMs to
facilitate immune escape. Targeting M2 macrophages and the CCL5–CCR5 axis is
therefore expected to improve the prognosis of patients with chordoma.